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for adventure, off-raod use I'd rather have spoked wheels any time of the day and night. When you crack you cast wheel in the middle of nowhere you pretty much done, not so much with spoked wheel. Not to mention absorption of bumps and S#$% on the road is far better with spokes wheels.

Spot On!
While modern cast wheels can be (some) much stronger than those from 20 years back, they still can have vulnerabilities.

Yes, we all agree changing a flat rear tire is no picnic, can ruin your whole day.
But this skill is something ALL ADV travelers need to master and MUST have the tools and ability to do this in a pinch.

For me, I will ride on a flat for miles to get to a tire repair guy, yes, I hate doing rear flat repair! And ... I really SUCK AT IT! Some tires on some bikes can be very tough to break the bead on.

But if you seriously crack your tubeless cast wheel you could have even more serious problems. If the cast wheel totally breaks apart ... then what?

Spoked wheels provide a bit of Flex and shock absorption. Cast wheels not so much. Many times a spoked wheel can be pounded back into shape. Cast wheels, not so much, but I did have my Vstrom DID cast wheels repaired twice from hard hits in Baja, one finally cracked, could not be repaired.

The Vstrom was so common I was able to find a replacement on the forums for about $150, IIRC.

But the OEM's are showing the way forward with their spoked, tubeless wheels.
Some use the Center rail spoke attach point (Aprilia, Yamaha, et al), others are BMW style where spoke attaches on outer edge. KTM have reinvented the wheel with their system ... and IMHO, is not great! (time will tell!)

I have seen BMW tubeless wheels destroyed off road on two occasions. On one occasion, we lent rider a tube, he was able to continue. A new wheel cost him something like $800.

Something else to consider: Ever tried putting a plug into a knobby tire? Depending where the puncture is ... it is not always straight forward.

Let's revisit what I wrote...

Spoked wheels might have some advantage if you are racing but if you are adventure touring then in my opinion there's no reliability disadvantage with an alloys/tubeless mix

When I'm adventure touring I am often thousands of miles from home and I ride like I want to get back with the bike in one piece, so considerately! IMO you really have to do something stupid to crack an alloy. I have only met one guy who did that (Nadhim from UKGSer) who ran over a kerb at 70mph and cracked both front and rear.

By comparison the tubed rims fitted to most bikes (e.g. BMW F800GS) seem to be made of chocolate and vary dramatically from the high quality Excel rims you might fit if racing. Alloy wheels also have the advantage of lower unsprung weight.

I've explored the ideas of sealing tubed rims to make them tubeless, the real danger in this is that the tubed rim profile tends to lack the tubeless safety bead near the lip of the rim which is there to keep the tyre on the rim in case of a blowout.


Tubeless knobbly plug

__________________
"For sheer delight there is nothing like altitude; it gives one the thrill of adventure
and enlarges the world in which you live," Irving Mather (1892-1966)

Yes! This is key! When on road most have sense enough to take it a bit easier and not slam onto immovable objects when 2000 miles from home.

Years past, did many "group" Baja rides, going back to late 1980's. On these rides we've seen guys do really stupid things on totally inappropriate machines.
In groups we see over zealous, testosterone addled numbskulls. This is where I saw broken BMW tubeless spoked wheels and worse.

But on longer tours most riders are more sensible so very little problem with cast wheel. But "stuff" can and DOES happen. I really like the Suzuki system shown above ... but I've no idea how this new system will work.
But it's a DID product so I expect it's very good.

True. Key part is "vary dramatically". If you happen to be at low end of the quality scale, may end up with breakable/bendable wheels, either cast ones or spoked.

The spoked/tubed DID wheels on my old DR650 are quite tough. I've dented a two of them from going too fast, but was always able to continue.

I agree, some Behr wheels have been bad, very soft. Also, not all Excel wheels are all that tough. For them, lightness is highest priority. They have different spec'd ones, not all are dent resistant.

On a Motocross track, there are NO rocks and nothing to hit. In Hare Scrambles and Enduro we hit LOTS of things ... hard! Guys I know (rode AMA Enduro in 80's/90's) like DID Dirt Star wheels. In the Dakar DID Dirt Star also popular.

I'm sure this is true with some wheels. I can confirm that my Suzuki DR650 does have a safety bead on the DR's 21"/17" tube type rims. It is nearly impossible to break that bead, tested by ME riding 50 miles at about 50 MPH on a flat. Bead never broke. The front may be different but I've had only 2 front flats, one off road, one ON road. Tire stayed put in the 60 mph front flat.

Other bikes may not have such secure safety beads. But if they are DID wheels
(many are in Japanese dual sport range) they probably have some form of safety bead to prevent tire coming off rim in event of flat at high speed.

That's the perfect place for a nail. Easy to plug. But seen a few weird puncture locations with nail going in at angle, through a high Knob. Bit tricky sometimes to get the string plug or rubber plug in and may not stay put.

Also, if plug goes in through big knobby, riding hard off road may have that plug pulled out. I've never seen this, but seems it could happen if plug is in a not so ideal place.

I don't agree, sure nobody rides like crazy when traveling far from civilization but accidents happens. I was riding through meadow once in Morocco and I didn't notice sharp rock hidden in the grass, if I was riding alloys my front wheel would be damaged completely.

If you do only on road touring then yes, alloys are fine and even easier to clean.