As Michael points out, it's not the VISA affiliation, but rather mostly Cirrus or Maestro which matters for ATM withdrawals. I'll admit total ignorance about the other logos I see on some of my debit cards--Moneypass, NYCE, Plus, Co-Op, Pulse.

And because this is an international group, it's worth staying aware of whole countries where our cards will not work--Russia and North Korea, obviously, but depending on your country of origin the list might expand to include parts of Sudan, Syria, Cuba, Iran, Donetsk and Crimea, and lots more. Specific banks sometimes blacklist extensively--I saw one US bank which lists over 50 countries in which your credit/debit transactions would be refused. Then there are countries where it's sometimes difficult to find banks which accept foreign cards--Brazil is notable, but again there are lots of others in different degrees.

All of which makes it difficult to offer simple answers to the OP's question, which was some version of "What banks and credit cards do you use when traveling internationally?" The major miracle is that the handful of cards I have in my desk drawer will carry me almost anywhere I want to go, with just a few exceptions which are largely quite predictable. And when the system doesn't serve me (using an non-chipped American card to try and buy gasoline or a train ticket in France 10 or 12 years ago, or violating the so-called "Trading with the Enemy Act" a few years after that), there are usually loopholes available for the persistent.

Prior to the start of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the list of countries where you could not use foreign cards to make ATM withdrawals was pretty short: Sudan and North Korea were the only two that I was aware of.

Since the beginning of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the list has expanded quite a bit, in almost all cases as a result of sanctions imposed by the US Government (to be specific, the US Department of the Treasury). Because the ATM networks (Cirrus & Maestro) have a significant presence in America, they are obliged to comply with US sanctions. This affects everyone worldwide - doesn't matter if your card is issued by a Canadian or European bank, if the Americans have imposed sanctions, you won't be able to access Cirrus & Maestro services in the sanctioned countries.

Venezuela might also be on the sanctions list, not because of any conflict but because the Americans are pissed off at Venezuela.

You can get a better idea of what countries are being sanctioned by looking at the US Department of the Treasury website.

That might just be a choice made by a specific US bank because they don't want to have to deal with the risk of fraudulent transactions from those countries - not unlike, for example, the eBay & Amazon sellers who decline to sell or ship anything to a long list of countries (Nigeria comes to mind) because they have had too many fraud problems originating in those countries in the past. It's not a sanctions issue.

Michael