Unless I missed it, you didn't mention your nationality--"currently living in the Netherlands" suggests a passport from elsewhere. That may change the answers to some of your questions, now or in the future. Some of us, for example, are less than welcome in Iran at the moment.
That aside, I'll suggest you narrow your focus when asking questions. "Any useful tips" covers a lot of ground when applied to 8 or more countries spread across half the globe. Because I'm not prepared to write you a (long-ish) book, I took note of just two potential issues: the current difficulty of getting visas for Turkmenistan, and your expectation that a 23 liter tank will yield only 300km. That seems remarkably low unless you're really hammering on your bike--and even then.
Hoping that's helpful, and looking forward to hearing more.
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