If you can, it´d probably be best to start off in spring, before the rainy season starts in the tropics, and arrive after winter has passed in the north. I think 6 weeks will be a bit of a hurry, 3 months much better.
About the route, there´s plenty of info about China here, and it seems like it is possible, but doing it the "official" way costs a truckload of money, and you need to contact a tour operator and arrange a lot of of things, before you go.
Burma is not possible at the moment.
You can freight from Thailand/Malaysia --> India/Nepal by sea or air. From there you can go Pakistan-Iran-Turkey or Pakistan(Karakoram Highway)-China-Kazakhstan or Kyrgyzstan, and then head west. This latter route will involve some very high mountain passes, so will not be do-able all year round. Parts of northern Iran and Turkey also get cold in the winter.
Personally, I wouldnt go to Afghanistan at this time. Also the situation in Pakistan varies almost weekly, so its good to keep an eye on that. Very friendly people there, but some areas do have problems.
You will need a carnet to bring a foreign vehicle to India and Pakistan (or Iran), and it is better to arrange it, before you go.
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