ND grads
sorry!
nd = neutral density graduated filter
nd = grey = no colour change
graduated = clear at one end, and dark (ish) at the other, with varying gradations in between.
Think of a very bright sky and a dark mountain - the camera can't possibly record it all (especially film) so you set the nd grad to darken the sky and not affect the mountain, putting the gradation on the skyline, and expose for the mountain. voila!
There are nd grads that are very abrupt transition, and some that are very gradual. Also available in one two and three stop differences. Generally available in square plastic form, which you either mount on a filter holder attached to the lens, or do as I do - just hold it in front of the lens. Always stop the camera down to the f-stop you will use for the shot to see th REAL effect you will be getting. With digital you see the final result of course so can tweak as needed.
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Grant Johnson
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Inspiring, Informing and Connecting travellers since 1997!
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