The search for Purzel a Car from Almásy from the second worl
 

We are planing to go for a detailed 3 weeks search for the "Purzel" a car hidden out in the Gilf Kebir area in 1942 by the count Lazlo Almàsy. The expedition will be well organized and will start at the beginning of December 2004. So for anyone interested to particpate in that search he will be more than welcome

Please do your homework before putting up such posts. Almasy's 1942 camp at the Gilf had been located long ago, Purzel is not there. It was taken most probably by the British search party sent out to capture him a few weeks too late.

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Happy Travels,
Andras

FJ Expeditions

I'm doing my homework very well.
Their are several camps of Almásy found in the Gilf Kebir area, but until now not the location of the Camp of Purzel. Even if Purzel was taken away by the british this camp site is still out their.
Even as you are very smart in tracing old stories, the english never came out with a word of a found car. If they had found it, they would have written a report about it. They yust found 3 car tracks that is all they found chasing Almásy long after he had returned.
So because you have not found the car nor Almásy s camp that does not mean their is nothing out their.
In plenty of places we still find new findings where everyone looked including yourself not finding anything. So we will yust wait the time and see!

Just to get the record straight:

Almasy's 1942 camp where he left Purzel had been located, in the Wadi Sora area. It is the same spot where Almasy camped during the 1933 spring expedition. The location perfectly matches the Salaam diary (which had been proved correct on several other details too). Two tobacco tins (Haus Neuerburg tropen packung) were found, which were standard Afrika-korps ration items, along with other undatable tins with german labels.

You are right that there is no documented evidence on who took Purzel, but the fact remains it is not there.

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Happy Travels,
Andras

FJ Expeditions

Hallo Andraz,
sorry for the sharp reply. I know that you where meaning that camp site. As we found the italian newspaper from Kufra, which we prosome you took along, as we know that you have been their yust between 2 of our trips, We also no that this was the camp site of Clayton in 1933 as a LRDG camp we found several newspapers nearly completly burned left evrything insitu. For the tobacco boxes we found over 12, so it seems that quite a few sovenir cashers where at the site out their. That is 100% note the Side of Purzel as the disciption of the Wadi is incorrect and all the fuel gallons are english ones. not those from Almásy. Even if we consider that the English or someone else took the car (their was no point in doing so - it was wartime) you will find the empty fuel cans, nobody would have taken those. So the place is still out their, Even the Prof. Monod died in the Hope to look for that Purzel and I don't think he would go in his age for a Phantoum. Their are still several more honeworks everyone can do.
As we are trying to have as much as possible side informations Because many people don't think that purzel existed and Almásy went only with 3 cars on Operation Salam. We wanted to give everyone the oppertuinty to tell his sorts about the idea where purzel could be hidden. We have also the saying of Eppler that they have been during operation Salam in Ain Dua for water what should be a complete wrong telling, but which reason should Eppler say something like that at a time where nobody was looking for a hidden car or new about Operation Salam. Epplers Operation was Operation Condor.
So we could even think about making a second search tour if that should be needed.
Also the campsite you think of does not go with the km figures Almásy writes in his diary, (they are false figures any how - for which reason we still do not know)

so hope you a good travel

Hello Tango (Tarek ?),

Could we continue discussing off forum ? You can contact me via info@fjexpeditions.com I have some more info to back up my reasoning, but also a few suggestions in case you are right.


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Happy Travels,
Andras

FJ Expeditions

[This message has been edited by andrasz (edited 01 July 2004).]

If it's not definitely somewhere else, then it could be there.

It is always possible that something was missed during earlier searches - ask any police force...

Sam.

Hallo Sam
thank you for the interest, but their is no police force around, not even lonely Nomads, it is one of the most remote areas you could imagine

I thought I had enough of this desert at least for a while, but again im very much interested .don’t know about the timing but will see.
Which route are you planning? Cambyses expedition??
Best wishes for new discoveries

Excuse my ignorance, but what is a Purzel car? Google search didn't get anything...

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Salut from Southern France, the bikers' paradise,

Peter.

All right, here it goes http://www.horizonsunlimited.com/ubb/smile.gif

I accept the Almasy diary to be authentic and correct, for the following reasons:

It was found by allied intelligence after the War in Austria, and a raw translation was sent to Bagnold as he was referred to in the text. I have a copy of this original version, together with the cover letters from the intelligence officer and MI8. (This contradicts several sources which say that the diary was among documents captured during the war.)

The text is definitely Almasy's. I've translated his writings, am familiar with the style, there is no doubt.

There is much corrobating evidence: Eppler & Stansteade (though Eppler tends to colour the story, and come up with a different version each time, but still the basics are correct), the capture of Almasy's enigma messages (which match exactly the messages referred to in the diary), the photographs taken by one of the german soldiers of the party (located by Michael Rolke), etc.

The geography described matches perfectly my knowledge of the terrain, never found any discrepancies.

If we accept the diary to be correct, then the possible locations for the 'robbers camp' are pretty much narrowed down:

On their way coming and going, the party passed through 'Bab al Misr', the gates of Egypt, which can be one of two places:

Either the single passable defile in the row of foothills leading into the big sandy bay of 'mushroom rock', or the northern end of the bay where a narrow valley continues north, eventually ascending to the black shingle plateau Almasy refers to (both on the convoy tracks, about 4-5 kms apart).

The morning after making camp on the way out, they visit Wadi Sora - so the camping spot must be between Bab al Misr and Wadi Sora, somewhere along the edge of the foothills.

On the return journey, Almasy explicitely mentions that Bab al Misr is 20 km from the camp. With a few kms uncertainty this places the campsite in the close vicinity of Wadi Sora.

The Wadi Anag Almasy refers to is the wadi north of wadi Sora with Clayton's Giraffe rock, where Almasy found further engravings in 1933 spring (and camped at it's entrance, in a closed rocky bay, as attested by the Italian newspaper from Kufra found there). This spot neatly fits Almasy's description of the 'robbers camp' too - and we know that Almasy (like ourselves) had the habit of returning to old camp spots.

There is one major contradiction to this, but I think explainable:

One of the above mentioned photos show a 'camp at the foot of the Gilf', which does not match the mentioned place. However to me the photo only seems to show cars parked at the foot of the cliffs (which apear to be the wadi next towards wadi sora), but camp is not yet made. It would have been a few hundred metres more to the spot I'm referring to.

For me the all overriding proof is the mentioned cigarette tins, which are definitely german army ration issue, and the tins with german labels. The campsite is hard to decypher, as it was also apparently used by convoy drivers later. Unfortunately sometime after october 2002 it was thoroughly looted, all of the better preserved things (including the hidden italian newspaper) are gone.

The fact that there are no german petrol cannisters is no contradiction - there was much care taken to camouflage the cars to look as british as possible, while retaining the faint german markings so in case of capture they would not be shot on the spot. I'd assume that they would have used captured british tinned petrol rather than the heavyer german jerrycans.

Given all above, I'm reasonably convinced that we have located the spot of the 'robber'scamp'. If it was not there, the only alternative location could have been some adjacent defile in the Wadi Sora promontory. In the diary Almasy mentions keeping a watch on convoys coming from 'three castles' just outside the camp, and then driving in a 'deep rain gully' away. If the camp were further north, it would have been impossible to sight the way towards three castles, and the only deep gully runs along the west side of the promontory.

The whole Wadi Sora area had been searched on foot by many (including ourselves), I'm sure nothing the size of an abandoned car would have been left unsoptted.

Why is it not there ? There was an extensive search for Almasy based on the decyphered radio messages, but unknown to the Brits, weeks too late (there was a good two week lag in decoding the messages). The search itself is well documented, though there are no field reports attached, I assume because once it was established that Almasy evaded capture, HQME became uninterested (this was the time of Rommel's main advance, let's not forget). The car may well have been found, and pressed into convoy service, as the SDF was desperately short on vehicles for the Kufra supply convoys.

Of course if one ventures away from the well known spots, any number of things may be left to be discovered - I just dont think Purzel will be one of them (by the way, I'm keeping my fingers crossed to be proven wrong http://www.horizonsunlimited.com/ubb/wink.gif)

PS: for those of you wondering what the discussion is all about, in 1942 Almasy transported two german agents accross the desert into Egypt, then returned the same way (leaving one of the cars, Purzel, behind). The diary was published in german in the latest re-edition of Almasy's writings, but is not available in english in published form.


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Happy Travels,
Andras

FJ Expeditions




[This message has been edited by andrasz (edited 02 July 2004).]

many thanks to Andraz, for the faster and more detailed explanaition. I agree along with Andraz in all the points except the Wadi Anag. For sure it is not the Wadi Andraz thinks it is. It is true that the german labeled food tins where found. We digged those out and removed plenty of rocks. I've also evidence that Almásy did not use the english fuel containers, as another camp site of Almásy was found during the Operation Salam far away from the Gilf Kebir area. (it is not giving sence that Almásy would need 2 different typs of fuel cans on one and the same expedition, and Wadi Anag was the camp before he captured english '(SDF) fuel with out cans, empting the fueltanks from trucks.

So Andraz I'll contact you private to exchange some informations as soon I've got some extra time. For all the rest I'll be for a while on the forum. That was also the reason to hear some different opions, may be learning some more detailed information. So don't worry. We will continue with the discusion here as long as someone is interested, or thinks he came across some new idea. As the literature (Andraz has spend much time on it and knows it pretty well) is not clear and their are several details they will not fit together either way you turn it. (Andraz do you agree on that?) Like Andraz already noticed is that Eppler changed his story several times, but I think also the details given by Almásy you can not realy on 100%, as the base is for sure correct. The incorrect notes intended or unindended that we should find out, during our research and later research.

Heee Andras

...I thought the vehicles WERE of british origin and not german ones camouflaged as british ones...

Sorry, I was too fast:

As far as I know, they have used FORD 15cwt and FORD station Wagons.

...and what was PURZEL?

Kuno, all correct, the vehicles were indeed captured british ones, with faint but recognisable german markings painted on the sides. There were two Ford 'officer cars' (station wagons), and the two 15cwts, 'Maria' and 'Purzel'. Perhaps 'camouflaged' was is not the best word, much care was taken to make the cars as british looking as possible from even close range (eg. the PASS signs at the front, which were the in-force british code for urgent military duty, not to be held up at checkpoints - though one really wonders why didn't the brits use something less obvoius...) Also all the men wore german desert uniforms, though 'dressed down' (much like the LRDG) so again it was not readily obvious.



[This message has been edited by andrasz (edited 04 July 2004).]

Andrasz, I read your translation about Almàsy and his adventures in the desert - it inspired me once again to do some more research in future trips we would love to do between the dunes we love so much.

And Tango, ten out of ten for a great intro to your website, "Be absorbed by the desert". Yes sir!

Good luck with your future searches in, what I believe, the most desolate, and therefore beautiful places, in Africa.

www.geocities.com/lamminga
http://community.webshots.com/user/lamminga

Dennis, thank you for the compliements. We will keep you informed if we find something on our search.
Now we have 2 very good places which could both be Bab Masr. One of the Landmarks only Almásy uses.

Hallo Andras,
yes we agree on several places, which are idendified without any douts. On the other hand, Bab Masr, their are only 2 places which we both agree on 100%, as the maps are very clear in this area. We also know that all over the area their are campsites of SDF camps and tracks. But you don´t forget that Almásy like he himself writes was lost for a time before reaching the Gilf. He also says things have changed since he has been their. When was he their the last time? Their are all his famous Expeditions which are well discribed, but their are quite a few hints he was in the Gilf Kebir before the war with hardly any or no note!!!
On the operation Salam he was blaming his navigator to be unable, so he had to do the navigation himself, with alot of stress (he was not with his sudanese drivers, who knew how do drive). The maps on the italian (libyan side ) where bad.
On which expedition did Almásy name the Bab misr the first time? It was for sure not during Operation Salam. (there you do not find a record).
As the border between Egypt and libya was not very easy to recognise during the early 1930ies. So Bab Masr could be far into Egypt or in Libya. The only note we think of is the distance Almásy writes in his diary.
So the distance is the key factor in the whole puzzel.
Your opioin is that Almásy wrote the diary after the opertaion! That could be ofcourse possible, but then all distances are yust guesses. which will not lead us anywhere.
The other possibility is that Almásy wrote the diary back in 1942 and he intentionaly made false kilometer distances (for one reason or other) Switching some places ? So Bab Masr could be anywhere.
For sure is as Almásy was the only one who was navigating on that trip, he will write the kilometers very acuratly and will check his fuel consumption very presice. So you are looking for Purzel between Wadi Sura and Bab Masr (factor X).
so looking out do hear your opioin again

True, form Almasy's writings published in German the story of his expeditions to the Gilf is a bit confusing. Only the Hungarian editions of his books give the full picture:

1932 spring - the 'Zarzura' expedition with Sir Robert Clayton, Patrick Clayton and Penderel - during this trip they have explored the western side of the Gilf with cars from Three Castles up to the mouth of Wadi Abd el Melik - 'Bab el Misr' must have been discovered at this time (there is no other passable way north)

1933 spring - expedition with Penderel & Bermann (Hollriegel) to the Gilf - Aqaba pass & Wadi Talh discovered (and the rock art sites of Ain Doua)

1933 autumn - DIAFE XI with Frobenius & Rhotert - Wadi Sora caves discovered

1934 spring - Royal Automobile Club of Egypt expedition - PKD monument erected

While he made a number of other desert trips (to the Wadi Howar and the Sand Sea), he never went back to the Gilf till 1942.

In my opinion there cannot be much doubt as to the general location of 'Bab al Misr'. Shortly north of 'Mushroom rock' the black shingle plateau begins that Almasy describes, before passing 'Bab al Misr' coming from the north. Beyond the 'Mushroom rock' bay the country opens up, there is no more place for a narrow gateway.

In 1932 spring when they first went this way, Clayton was doing his surveying work (which was very accurate), so the position of any noted landmark would have been determined with good accuracy.

Another clue is the Wadi Sora photograph taken during 1942. Based on the shadows it is definitely mid-morning, at least 2 hours before noon (in mid may the sun would be almost at the zenith at noon at that latitude). As camp was left at 9:25 (Almasy explicitely mentions the delay due to leaving Purzel and redistributing the loads), the camp must have been within an hour's drive from WS - this effectively discounts all locations farther north (even today with a well worn track it takes about 1 hr to reach the Mushroom rock area from WS, though it's only about 20 km)



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Happy Travels,
Andras

FJ Expeditions



[This message has been edited by andrasz (edited 08 July 2004).]

Hallo Andras,
ofcourse you are right with the hungarian edition, but correct me if I'm wrong it was writen in 1934. So further expeditions will not be mentioned.

Here something else, do you or someone else know which tires Almásy used. All the cars were captured, so had they their original tires, or did they use german or italian tires.
He changed the tires from Purzel, so he had already some bad or punctured tires.

Yust do correct you, the Prince monument was erected in 1933 and the Royal Automobile Club of Egypt went for the first annual in spring 1934. Their is an article from the Ahram.

looking for your opion

Tango,

Almasy wrote two books in Hungarian, the 'Unknown sahara' in 1934, and 'In Air, On Sand' in 1937. (Also 'recentes explorations...' was published in Cairo in 1936). These formed the basis for the 1939 German edition, but many chapters were left out. The recent re-edition included the missing chapters from US, but not those from 'In Air..'

Yes, my mixup, the PKD monument was erected spring 1933. The note left there was from 1934.

Following 1934 he traveled to the Wadi Howar and the Great Sand Sea, but not to the Gilf/Uweinat. In 1935 december he was refused permission to go to Uweinat with Lichtenstein, and there is no record of him having made any deep desert trip afterwards. He only made short trips to the northern parts with von Esch.

In both spring and autumn 1933 he went to Kufra to replenish supplies (raising suspicion of the british authorities...), so was familiar with the Gilf - Kufra route.

Re tires, no idea I'm afraid. The pictures of the station wagons give a very good view of the tires, but you'd need an expert to recognise them based on the tread. The captured radio correspondences reveal quite a lot about the preparations (the cars were actually shipped over from Italy) and the trip itself, but tires not mentioned.

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Happy Travels,
Andras

FJ Expeditions

[This message has been edited by andrasz (edited 09 July 2004).]

The question I think of. When was Almásy giving the name Bab Masr. If it is like you say during the 1932 expedition. it is not making sence, since all the names where given in that expedition, Peter and Paul, Camp Chianti etc, they are all on the maps, of the Egyptain survey. If it was given 1 year later, we also do not find it in the History of Höllriegel who made a map of all the places visited then. Also in 1934 neither von der Esch nor the Ahram are writting something about Bab Masr. So why? The only reason I see, they didn`t know about that place. Even Almásy himself is not writting anything about it, neither in hungarian? So why until 1937, their is no mentioning of Bab Masr. In 1942 he says he is recognising Bab Masr, so he should have been their before. But again why we don't find anything in all the literature of that time. Did Almásy used secret names for places, he didn't tell anyone of(was he planing secete missions as early as 1932-34 - proberbly not).
If we look at nearly any other landmark on the Englisch-Egyptian Survey maps we find nearly every landmark anyone including Almásy visited. And we can nearly tell when the name was given for that except Bab Masr?
Even in those days no body was very interested in frontiers, no body was looking to the 25th degree as official border as everyone crossed freely.

Tango,

The question you raise is a valid one, I have no ready explanation.

Based on the 1942 description of 'Bab al Misr' I am reasonably convinced about it's identification with the 'Mushroom rock' area. The convoy tracks pass that way, and even in 1932 it would have been the only readily available way north, which we know they did make.

One thing to consider is that in 1932 much of the surrounding country was unknown, so it was not evident that this is the only practical approach from the north-west.

Almasy refers to 'meeting my old Gilf - Kufra route'. This could not refer to his 1932 track which was further south, but to one of the 1933 trips when Kufra was re-visited (but not in 1934). Probably the name was given in 1933, as Almasy clearly states 'which I have previously named...'



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Happy Travels,
Andras

FJ Expeditions

Andras,
the mushroom rock, was a meeting point for the LRDG and should be an important landmark since the late 1940 or beginning og 1941 before the survey maps were printed, that is also a reason you find the landmark on it. But Almásy was in that time not around the area.
So we have something in common, that their are some statements which doesn`t want to fit at all.
Because if you find all the small detailed informations, which do not fit with the regular route, Wadi Sura - mushroom rock - Kufra, we might find a clue, about the area Almásy took.
good travels
Tango

Tango

I'm afraid have to disagree, check the references yourself:

Aside Almasy, Pat Clayton published an article in the Georgaphical Journal (March 1933) describing the 1932 expedition. The map clearly shows that they went north via the mushroom rock area. (Also 'point 1020' is already shown)

Penderel wrote up the results of the 1933 spring expedition (GJ June 1934), there again it is clear they used the same route going north (to Wadi Talh). What is also clear, that they used Almasy's 1932 track to Kufra.

Rhotert's (1952) map is a bit more ambiguous, as both the routes of Diafe XI (1933) and XII (1935, without Almasy) are shown. However it is clear that they used again the same route going to Wadi Abd el Melik, and the track to Kufra is again the same as Almasy's 1932 track.

In the 1942 diary Almasy writes sighting the Gilf and 'point 1020', being again on 'known ground'. Soon after this they pass 'Bab al Misr'. This matches well with the facts, that all his previous Gilf - Kufra sorties were along the more southerly Wadi Sora - Kufra track. Point 1020 is at the northern end of the bay north of Wadi Sora, just south of the Mushroom Rock area (also clearly marked on Penderel's map, and the survey of Egypt maps).



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Happy Travels,
Andras

FJ Expeditions

Sorry Andras,
I expressed myself wrong. Yes all the points you write of are on the maps and known before, except Bab Masr, it doesn't make sence.
If it is right that they took the route everybody thinks of and the most logic, they would have pasted by the point 1020 you mention.
Almásy says only he sees point 1020 than he knows exactly where he was. So the question is how far do you actually see point 1020 if you come from the south.
If he came from the north via the regular route he should have know before seeing the hight 1020 exactly where he is. because he had been their on previous occations

Not necessarily:

On the three previous occasions they went north along the western side of the Gilf along the most practical (and to my knowledge only feasible) route just to the west of the cliffs and foothills. I assume (without any definite proof or clue) that this route must have closely corresponded to the present track going from Wadi Sora to Wadi Gubba.

In 1942 Almasy came from the NW, roughly corresponding to the convoy routes. He never went that way, so he was navigating trying to reach his old known Gilf - Kufra track. However at a point he was forced to turn north by a dune range till reaching the convoy tracks again. He follows them reaching a 'stony plateau ... flat as a table ... surface black shale'. We now know this plateau reaches all the way to the Gilf, Almasy must have crossed it further west, as the cliffs were not yet in sight.

One thing to factor in: it was mid may, when it is very hazy even if no actual dust storm, visibility could not have been more than 25-30 km at best, probably even less.

Thus coming from the NW he first gets on the plateau, then sees the cliffs and '1020', then enters the 'mushroom rock' valley at some point close to 25E which he calls 'Bab al Misr' (alternately 'Bab al Misr' could be the place where they exit the 'mushroom rock' valley)

The country described after passing Bab al Misr reads very much like the mushroom rock area, and definitely confirms that they are coming from the north: "Now everything is familiar to me, the valleys with the red sandy bottom, the mighty wall of rock on the LEFT, the tangle of foothills on the RIGHT, only one thing is new. The great road beaten out with many hundred tracks..."

Based on the above reasoning, we can say the following about 'Bab el Misr':

-It is definitely on the convoy tracks
-It is within 20-30 kilometres from '1020'
-It is close to where the black plain ends and the foothills of the Gilf begin
- It is between 'two conspicious white knolls'

I agree that any number of points may match this description. My vote is still for the defile between the two rather grandiose, and definitely whitish lumps of rock at the southern entrance of the 'mushroom rock bay', but it could be somewhere further north along the convoy route. At one point the present track diverges from the convoy route, and I never followed the latter.

However getting back to the original purpose, the exact point of 'Bab el Misr' is in my wiew not so relevant, as Almasy next describes being 'at last in the plain, round the spur of the Gilf'. The 'spur of the Gilf' is in my reading the Wadi Sora promontory. Immediately after writing this, he continues to describing making camp 'near Wadi Anag', which is in my opinion the most important clue regarding the position of the 'robbers camp'.

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Happy Travels,
Andras

FJ Expeditions

I am very interested to join the expedition I live in Malaga Spain and drive a very well equipped Camel Trophy Land Rover

hallo Andras, I agree with all the comments you have 100%, of rekord I'll answer you what I think Wadi Anag is standing for, you will see that we both are very close together.

I think if the car should be found, it should wander directly into a museum.

Hallo mikerixion, you are ofcourse welcome to join, we should discuse best the way to get your car to Egypt, so you can contact me for that, or have you done that before?

years have passed and the location of Purzel was found at last. the austrian TV even made a dokumentary film on that. After wadi Anag was known it was a easy search of some hours only and the hiding out place of Purzel was found. Truely the car was gone long time ago. Most proberbly yust after Almasy returned to Libya. The English new that Almasy was around and after they finished their rescue of the crews of the lost planes of the southern africans stationed in Kufra they went out to chase down Almasy

Like Shaw writes they found his tracks coming down from Aqaba so they knew that he already escaped back to Libya. May be in the hope to catch up with him they followed his fresh track in the soft sand which should have been easy coming to the campside were Purzel was parked.

As the car was in a runing condition only the 4 tires were no good for further use. it was an easy task to get some new tires from the frequent traffic of the SDF going to Kufra, which would carry essentianal things like tires with them.

Also a great research Kuno made at Gebel Sherif :thumbup1:

The search for Purzel, a car from...
 

What make of car was used for these trips - surely there were no 4x4s in those days ?

It would be interesting to know how they overcame the problem of constantly getting stuck in sand. The long range desert group relied on large-flotation tyres, and driving skill, chiefly...

Tango, IMHO there is something wrong in your statment about the likelihood that the English special corps recovered the Purzel: do you think that in this evenience the English patrols (LRDG, SDF or SAS) don't divulgate this important notice to the public? Why? And furthemore why not there is any militar reports known (reserved or not) about a finding that at least parzially could be redeem the special corps from the blow sustained for the success of the Almasy's Salam Operation?

Furthemore John Eppler, the Rommel's spy in company with Almasy during the Salam Operation, wrote in his book, published in 1977, that as far as he know the lorry in question was still hidden in the GSS.

After a three year collaborative research with Kuno and Michael, we finally published our book on Operation Salam which gives answers to most of the old discussions which went on in this thread. We have also managed to obtain nearly 170 of the roughly 200 photographs which Almásy and companions took during Operation Salam, many of which were never seen or published before.


http://www.fjexpeditions.com/resourc...alam_cvr_s.jpg

Operation SALAM
László Almásy’s most daring Mission in the Desert War
Kuno Gross, Michael Rolke & András Zboray
belleville
ISBN 978-3-943157-34-5
410 pages

may be ordered here

In case any of you were contemplating buying but were put off by the price, the recent slide of the Euro against the Pound/Dollar permitted a significant reduction in the UK and US/worldwide prices for our Operation SALAM book, to £34 and $55 respectively (both including shipping costs). Details here: http://www.fjexpeditions.com/resources/…/operation_salam.htm

http://www.fjexpeditions.com/resourc...alam_cvr_s.jpg